Traveling Around the Fashion Trends of Women 20th - 21st...

The word fashion trends mean a change of clothing style. The first fashion capital of the world was Paris, France. The ‘Belle Epoque’ was the very first fashion trend. In the early 20th century, women had a conservative figure to concentrate on their body figure. A new style was born in the roaring 20’s, was brought the beginning of modern fashion. The roaring 20’s was known for the flapper skirts, gathered skirts, pleated skirts, higher hemlines, and low-cut necklines. The era of the Great Depression became known for its sophisticated Garbo look, where nylon stockings became trendy. World War II is the start of the pants revolution of women. â€Å"The 1950’s were known for a tailored look and immaculate grooming† (Kichura 1). During this†¦show more content†¦Today, women are influenced to wear braziers, which are now known as bras. During the Great Depression, women needed to enter the work force, where they started to wear business suits and fitted jackets with shoulder pads. This generation, imitated the concepts of the clothing trends of women in the workforce. Today, this kind of garment is a formal attire of women. In 1960, ragged jeans became a clothing trend of women. As a result, this attire inspired both women and men to wear this clothing, so this became a unisexual trend. The boyish figure of the 20th century influenced women to replace corsets to bra, stretch bra, and girdles with suspenders. As a result, fashion designers incorporate these concepts to their designs. During the mid 60s and 70s women began to wear T-shirts with slogans, messages, etc. T-shirts continue to exist today for both women and men. Women in the 20th century also influenced the fashion trends of the 21st century in the sports arena. In the 20th century, women began to become interested and active in sports. In the early 1900s, women wore athletic garments, which made it easier for women to move around, while being acti ve. These sports clothing continues to be used today. In the early 1930s, the swimwear for women was born. Today, different varieties of swimwear exists. A fashion designer named Tomas Burberry created sport clothes, which allowed women to have greater ease ofShow MoreRelatedA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagessome of them classical (pp.421-423). bB III. Excerpt from a Lecture on Alchemy Terence McKenna, Wetlands Preserve, 1998 â€Å"†¦Let me read you a passage from Giordano Bruno. This is a wonderful passage from the Picatrix. This was the book of 12th century magical texts that began to introduce these hermetic ideas and this passage is the core passage that inspired the Rosacrucians and numerous other utopian movements. 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Nursing Timeline - 1137 Words

Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The 19th century marked the beginning of professional nursing. Florence Nightingale was the legend behind it as she began the struggle of nurses being recognized as professionals. It is hard to believe that nurses were once assigned to the job as a sentence for crimes committed or for the women who were too old or sick to hold conventional jobs. Nightingale’s focus included infection control, documentation, patient safety, confidentiality, and evidence based practice, which seems common place today, but was very forward thinking for that period. The era of Florence Nightingale is just the beginning of the timeline of significant events and†¦show more content†¦However, Barrett (2002) believes knowledge is the focus of nursing science rather on theory or research. George (2011) explains the relationship between theory, research, and practice influence each other in a circular way. In other words, research and theory are not based on hierarchy, but rather, practice is based on theories that are supported through research. To that end, research and theory are not the only disciplines that have influenced nursing throughout the ages. Interdisciplinary influences on the science of nursing Many influences affect the science of nursing, such as philosophy, religion, education, anthropology, social sciences, and psychology, as we will briefly discuss here. Holt and Clarke (2000) surmise â€Å"philosophical method can be useful because it requires careful analysis of words, concepts, arguments and claims and therefore by definition demands and develops critical thinking.† All of these essential elements of philosophy are used as nursing requires the ability to analyze and evaluate patients and provide care based on the best existing plan of care. Religion was once deeply rooted in nursing and was seen as a ministry to Christ. Religious ties may not be so obvious in nursing today, however, the focus on holistic and spiritual care reminds us the Christian influence has not been erased completely. Holistic and spiritual care are terms widely used currently and are an essential part of the nursingShow MoreRelatedNursing Timeline792 Words   |  4 PagesNursing Timelin e Historical Development Nursing science provides the foundation for professional nursing. The Historical Development of Nursing has made a great impact to healthcare all over the world. Nursing has been a thriving discipline beginning from the era of Florence Nightingale in the mid 1800’s to what the profession of nursing has become in the present. Timeline 1860 - Florence Nightingale, who was the founder of the nursing profession, publishes â€Å"Notes on Nursing: â€Å"WhatRead MoreNursing History Timeline1120 Words   |  5 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline Christine Z. Liwag University of Phoenix Nursing is a profession where nurses take care of patients in the hospital and some nurses do it outside the hospital. Anyone can become a nurse as long as the individual completed an educational requirement from a certified nursing school. Long time ago, nursing profession is not considered as a career and often being ignored. When Florence Nightingale gave her attention to nursing, the profession becomesRead MoreHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline1181 Words   |  5 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline NUR/513 Theoretical Foundations of Practice Historical Development of Nursing Timeline With this paper the focus was on the authors focus on important nursing events from a historical perspective. In the early beginnings of nursing, religion played an important role since religious servants often provided healthcare services to the local communities. Nightingale obtained her education in Germany with Deaconess in Kaiserswerth (Gustafsson amp; Engstrà ¶mRead MoreHistorical Development Nursing Timeline1331 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline Christopher Vinson NUR/513 January 1, 2015 Historical Development of Nursing The historical development of nursing today is based upon the lives of many, their contributions, sacrifices and experiences. These things brought about renovations in patient care. Different ways of thinking led to research, theories and evidenced based practice. The importance of studying nursing history has led to overall progression of nursing as a profession. In orderRead MoreHistorical Timeline of Nursing Theories978 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline Development of the nursing practice has e started as early as the 1850’s with Florence Nightingale. She was the founder of the first nursing theory. From her foundation over the years nursing has blossomed into a great career and practice to where nurses and patients both benefit from the advances in theories and practice. Theory is an essential part of the past, present and future of nursing. Timeline: (1860) Florence Nightingale: - FlorenceRead MoreHistorical Development Of Nursing Timeline Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline 1700s-1800s: The idea of antisepsis is not known. Hospitals were dirty, and nursing career was considered low-class job, so only poor women worked. Wealthy people care for their sick family since it was a disgrace to send a family to a hospital (Burton Ludwig, 2015). 1836: Pastor Fliedner established the first school of nursing in Germany. They were known as Kaiserworth deaconesses and were sent to other countries to teach women to become nurses. FlorenceRead MoreHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline1033 Words   |  5 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline 1850s The history of theoretical and scientific approach in nursing evolution rooted in mid-1800s by the founder and pioneer of modern nursing; Florence Nightingale. She was considered â€Å"The Lady with the Lamp† and â€Å"The Mother of Modern Nursing â€Å". Florence Nightingale was born in Florence Italy on May 12, 1820. She grew up with the belief that her religious calling was to take care of other people. She started her work during the CrimeanRead MoreHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline1113 Words   |  5 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline Person may represent an individual, a family, a community or all humankind. Health represents a state of well-being as defined by the individual or mutually decided on by a individual and a nurse. Environment represents the person’s physical surroundings, the community, or the universe and all it contains. Nursing is the practice of the science and art of the discipline (George, 2011). Metaparadigm pertains to the core concepts of a particular disciplineRead MoreHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline741 Words   |  3 PagesHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline NUR/513 - THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PRACTICE DOLORES DIEHL University of Phoenix March 10, 2014 Nursing science was defined in 1978 by Donaldson and Crowley as â€Å"principles and laws that govern life process, well- being, and optimum functioning of human beings-sick or well†¦; patterning of human behavior in interaction with the environment in critical life situations†¦ and process by which positive changes in health status are affected (DonaldsonRead MoreHistorical Development of Nursing Timeline1176 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å" †¦Nursing science is that body of knowledge developed form questions raised by nurses and investigated by them, concerning the relationship of the human-health-environment† as Dr. Millar stated (George, 2011, p.11). The body of nursing science consists of theories, paradigms, and frameworks (George, 2011, p. 10). A nursing theory could be defined as â€Å" a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project

Divorce Essay free essay sample

The Beginning of the End Growing up I always believed divorce was the worst mistake a couple could make. Now that I am older I now have a different view on divorce. My parents divorced when I was seventeen years old, and since going through this experience I view divorce differently. Although most people think of divorce as a negative thing, I think sometimes it turns out to be the best decision for everyone involved. When I was a little girl all I would hear from people is how divorce was wrong and couples should always work out their differences. My parents would always assure me that â€Å"no matter how much we fight, we will never get a divorce†. As the years went on things started changing in my parent’s relationship and we saw their marriage starting to dissolve. My sister and I could see that they were no longer the happily married couple they had been for the past 25 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Divorce Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eventually my father’s personality started to change, and he no longer was interested in family activities or spending quality time with my sister and I. He was not the dad we had known our whole lives. After realizing his behavioral changes he finally went to go see a professional. After a few sessions with the doctor and many counseling sessions with my mom, my dad was diagnosed with depression. We had already seen first hand what depression could do to a marriage, as his parents had gotten divorced after my dad’s mother was diagnosed with depression. As time went by I saw my father’s depression taking a toll on my mother’s happiness and her daily attitude. I wanted both of my parents to be happy, but was that too much to ask of them to stay together? I knew my father had changed and was not the same man my mom had fallen in love with 25 years earlier. My dad was no longer the fun, ambitious, adventurous guy my mom had met back in college. Instead my dad was bitter, had frequent outburst, and a constant negative outlook on life. When my parents finally reached the decision to divorce my family knew it was going to be a tough road ahead. Although my sister and I were upset we knew it was for the best, it was just going to take some adjusting. Luckily the divorce was very civil and my parents are still able to maintain a peaceful relationship for the sake of my sister and I. We both know my parents love us and that the divorce had nothing to do with anything we had done. My dad has since gotten help and my sister and I visit him often. He is getting back to the fun, loving, kind man we all knew him to be. Unfortunately, my dad waited to late to make changes in his life to save his marriage. Today, my parents are both in healthy relationships with other people. My sister and I enjoy spending time with both families and feel blessed these new people are in our lives. I had a very negative view on marriage when my parents told me they were divorcing, but since that time I feel not everyone gets divorced and marriage takes a lot of work. Although the divorce was hard to swallow, it is good to see both of my parents happy again. Now that my parent’s divorce is final everyone seems to be more peaceful and happy with their lives. I am not saying divorce is the right decision for everyone, but I am saying depending on the situation sometimes it is the best choice. I have learned through my experience not to judge others that are divorced because everyone’s situation is different. I feel my parents made the right decision for our family and I am a stronger, and happier person as a result.

Technological Advances in Education

Abstract Technology has had massive impact on education. The recent technological inventions and innovations have changed the approach taken by various stakeholders in this field.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Technological Advances in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The geographical barrier that existed before has been eliminated completely. In the current society, a British student can undertake his or her junior primary education in Britain, high school in Russia, and at the college level the leaner can go to the United States. The world has been reduced to a small village where learners and teachers can easily move from one location to another. Children are experiencing new forms of teaching with the help of such gadgets as iPads and personal computers. With internet connectivity, learners can easily access important academic materials online. Teachers can also use the same internet to s end notes to students. Teacher-student relationship has been enhanced. The need to have a physical classroom setting is also reducing due to advanced technology. Learning has just been made easier with the advancement in technology. Introduction Technology has transformed various sectors of economy around the world. The world has been reduced into a small village because of the advances made in technology that has taken place around the world. People can easily move from one geographical location to another using a plane or various other means of transport. Communication has also been made easier due to advancement in the field of information technology. Information is easily shared through the internet and other means of communication. Technology is also making various devises cheap enough for the middle class. This means that they can easily access the information available in the internet, and other means of communication. The education sector is one of the sectors that have heav ily been impacted by technological advances. There has been a massive shift in the approach taken in this field due to the advancement in technology. According to Lakshmi (2007), technology has brought radical changes in this field that never existed before. This scholar says that technology has brought major advances in education. There is an emergent of a virtual classroom, where individuals learn miles away from classrooms. This is because of technological advances such as video conferencing.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Students have also found technology to be very resourceful in their research. A researcher in the United Stated of America can conduct a comprehensive research on a company in India right from the comfort of his class. This is made possible by the fact that all the important facts that such a researcher may need can easily be found on the internet. The emergent of social media has had massive effect on education. This research focuses on the impact of technology on education. Impact of Technology on Education Technology in education has raised a lot of debate among scholars in the recent past. There are a group of scholars who strongly believe that technology has had positive impact of education. On the other hand, there are those who strongly believe that technology has had serious negative consequences on education and on the lives of learners. According to Tettegah (2006), the proponents and opponents of technology in the field of education have had a near equal force in fronting their arguments. In this research, analysis will be done on both the positive and negative consequences of technology on education. Positive Impacts of Technology on Education According to Lakshmi (2007), technology has completely transformed education in various forms and in a positive way. This scholar says that education system today has embraced te chnology in various fronts, and the results have been marvellous. One of the biggest advantages that technology has brought in the field of education is global learning. König (2007) says that technology has enhanced learning to the level where learners can get knowledge from any part of the world. Global learning has been enhanced by such technological improvements as video conferencing techniques. In this case, a learner may not need to move to a physical classroom. Through this technology, a teacher can disseminate knowledge from the comfort of his or her office to students who are in their homes. The technology allows for interactivity between the teacher and the students, and among the students. This means that a teacher in United Kingdom can have a class to students in the United Arab Emirates with the aid of technology. This means that when such a teacher has several classes with similar unit, they can be joined together in one class irrespective of their location around the globe (König, 2007). As such, the issue limited number of teachers around the country will be eliminated. Technology has enhanced a free flow of information from one corner of the world to another (Tettegah, 2006). This scholar says that with advanced technology, there has emerged a new trend of global learning where learners can share information from any part of the world with the help of the internet.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Technological Advances in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is every kind of information one may need in the internet. Lipsitz (2008) argues that the internet has become a very strong source of knowledge in the contemporary education system. The scholar holds that learners in the current society can easily use the internet to get information on various subjects, most of which are found freely. The internet has replaced physical books that were very bulky to the students. The internet has enabled learners to compile a lot of materials and keep them in soft copy to be retrieved at any time the learner wishes to. With a personal computer, a leaner can compile a large volume of notes and keep them in an easily retrievable manner. The personal computer will also enable the learner to summarize the notes in a way that will capture most important facts per given unit in the class. With a laptop, a student will be moving around with vast materials, compressed into simple easy to retrieve, easy to read manner. Technology has helped enhance reading of books among the learners, while making publishing easy for the authors. Purchasing a book has been made easier and cheaper thanks to the internet. The emergent of e-books has made it extremely easy for learners to make purchase of the most important books in their courses. A learner will easily order for the book, pay for it and receive a copy all through online means. This means that such individuals may not strain looking for physical stores where they can make purchase of the books. Once with the book, the learner will find it easy reading the book because besides being a virtual book that is not bulky, navigating this book is easier then when one handles a physical book. To the others, publishing has been made easier. There is no longer a need to incur huge costs of publishing due to the need to produce physical books. These authors are therefore encouraged to increase their production because the cost of production and the logistics that would have followed are already eliminated. To the environmentalists, this is one of the best technologies ever to occur. With e-books, there is an assurance that the tree will be protected from lumbers. The reduction of printed books will reduce the demand for paper, meaning that the operational activities of the paper factories will be reduced. This would mean cleaner and more conducive environment for the learners. Researcher s have found technology to be of utmost importance in their lives. According to Wright (2008), researchers have been using the internet to gather relevant information they need in their area of research. This scholar holds that a researcher in the United Arabs Emirates may not need to travel to South Africa in order to conduct an economical analysis of Coca Cola Company is performing in this country. Such a researcher will get most of the information required through online means.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If there may be need to conduct further researcher by conducting some interviews on the employees or top management of the firm, this can be made possible through phone call conversation, video-conferencing, emailing or the use of the social media to pass a communication and receive a response. The internet has also created a forum through which researchers can meet and share some of their findings in a developmental manner. Through such social media tools as Facebook, Tweeter and LinkedIn, a researcher will easily notice another researcher who is in the same field of research. The two or more researchers can come together and share their knowledge, and the level of their findings irrespective of their location around the globe. This can enhance development of a given field of research. In such cases, Tettegah (2006) says that the researchers can work as a unit in a manner where, if researcher in United Arab Emirates wants some facts about business environmental conditions in France , the data can be collected through a correspondent who is in France, hence this cuts off the cost of transport. According to Wright (2008), technology has also benefited schools and their management systems. Various schools around the world have embraced technology in one way or the other to advance their systems. Most schools have their students registered in computer system where a simple click into the student’s identification number brings all the details of the students, including information about their academic performance. Teachers can therefore easily monitor performance of each individual student. The class teacher can also share information with the parents with a lot of ease. The elimination of physical and tedious work means that teachers can get enough time to spend with students in a constructive manner. The administrations have also found technology very important in running schools. With computerized system of managing school assets, it becomes easier to man age the education system. Technology has also helped schools administration to increase their intake of students. Technology is allowing schools to administer distance learning to students in various locations around the globe. This has increased the income of such institutions, making it possible for them to enhance learning system to suit the needs of the learners. Technology has also enhanced the relationship that exists between all the stakeholders within the education society. Parents can easily communicate with teachers and get to know how the development of their children thanks to the developments brought about by technology. Lipsitz (2008) says that with enhanced technology, parents can easily monitor the progress of the school, their children and be able to reach out to various other stakeholders within the society to help build the system. Negative Impacts of Technology on Education According to Wright (2008), the praises that various people have had on the impact of tech nology on education are misplaced. This scholar holds that technology has brought serious negative consequences in the field of education. The sentiments of this scholar are shared among various other scholars who feel that technology has brought very little positivity in the field of education. The following are some of the negative factors that these scholars have highlighted in their opposition to technology. Tettegah (2006) says that with emergent of technology, learners have completely forgotten about books. Students rarely use books in the current society. This scholar says that technology has massively distracted learners from books. Right from lower classes to the universities, learners rarely take time to read books unless there is an urgent exam and there is need to avoid failure in the exams. Learners take most of their times watching movies or playing games using the same computers which they are supposed to use to do further research. Wright (2008) observes that it is c urrently a common phenomenon to see books in the library gathering dust because of lack of handling for various weeks. The urge to dig deep into the books in order to gather information that would advance knowledge of a learner has been replaced by the desire to watch new movies or play new games using the computers. The little time the learners have left is used to watch movies in the television or listen to music using the iPod. Reading books is almost becoming an archaic practice among learners at various levels. Reading is specifically meant for the exams and not personal development. For that matter, cramming of the notes is considered more preferable among these students. Technology has allowed learners, access to materials that are mind-corrupting. It is common to find a young student aged 12 years with an iPad. With such a gadget, such a young learner will be exposed to all the information and content of the internet, some of which are beyond his understanding. Tettegah (200 6) says that with access to the internet, some minors may come across sites with adult contents. Because there is no clear way through which such sites can determine the age of the viewer, such youngsters are allowed into sites with materials beyond their level of consumption. Such content would always end up corrupting the mind of the viewer. This may be manifested in their actions or words. Such a learner will not only be wasting precious time that should be meant for learning, but will also get morally washed-off because of the contents of what they view. Some of the movies that learners watch are violent in nature. Because of the delicacy of this stage in the development of a person, such individuals come to internalize the fact that being violent is cool. Actions of violence may not only land such learners in jail and interfere with their learning, but may also affect other academics negatively. According to Reed (2010), young learners in the current society get glued on televi sions for very long time watching movies that are morally wanting. This scholar warns that this habit is becoming more popular among the youths who are expected to take most of their tome learning. Tan (2012) talks of the social media as the main destructor of learning process. The emergence of social media has acted as a big distracter to young learners in the current society. Facebook has about one billion followers, majority being the youth in learning institutions. They spend most of their time on the Facebook discussing things that are not related to their academic lives. This leaves them with limited time to spend on books. As a result of this, they are not in a position to prosper in their education. Tweeter has the same effect as Facebook. The impact of YouTube has even been greater. Given the fact that YouTube can support heavy graphics such as videos, these young learners of today spend most of their time on YouTube either listening to music or watching videos at the expen se of learning. According to Lipsitz (2008), learning is a very difficult process that when faced with a very little distracter, will yield very dismal results. Learners must be made to realize that their academic performance is not secondary to their entertainment. As such, they should not give it a second place to their entertainment. However, given the fact that the learning process is very challenging, they easily get swayed when they get such entertaining means as YouTube. Technology has replaced the normal way of life of learners in the current society, but in a negative way. According to König (2007), technology has completely changed the recreational trend among learners. Initially, children appreciated the importance of outdoor games. After school and when on holidays, learners would take their time to play various games with their peers. These games would range from football games, baseball, volleyball, skiing, swimming, athletics, tennis among others. These games are very important to the mental and physical development of children. When they run, kick and stretch their arms, they get to exercise their muscles. This would stimulate their entire body system and give them a refreshing feeling when they embark on books. Their minds are strong enough after such rigorous activities. The blood circulation in their body gets steady and they generally feel stronger. This also eliminates incidences of simple diseases that would attack them because of lack of proper exercise. Such complications as heart problems, weak bones or mental distress will be eliminated. This will go a long way in eliminating time wasted due to the need to stay on bed under medication due to such complications. Outdoor games also enhance socialization. When these learners go out to play, they meet their peers and this helps in their mental development. This would enhance their learning capacity when they are back in school because they get to appreciate the importance of teamwork. They get to apply such skills in school and as Means (2009) says, this would result in brilliant performance in their academics. These positive virtues of outdoor learning have been replaced by technology enhanced indoor games. Learners do not have time to engage in outdoor games because they can play right inside the bedroom. This means that they get affected by all the negative consequences of not being able to engage in outdoor games. Innocert (2012) says that doctors and other medical experts have lamented the effect that lack of outdoor games has on learners. Conclusion It is a fact that technology has brought about massive improvement in the field of education. With advanced technology, learners are able to access various learning materials through the internet. They are able to share information with their fellow learners because of improved accessibility. Learner-learner and learner-teacher relationship has greatly improved. A learner can easily access the teacher through v arious means, and using various technological tools. Researchers have found the internet very vital in their process of research. These are some of the positive impacts that technology has had on education. However, it is worth noting that despite these positive changes, there have been numerous negative effects that technology has had on education (Gura Percy, 2005). Learners in the modern society do take most of their time entertaining themselves other than learning. They enjoy watching movies instead of reading books. Some of the contents they get in the internet get to corrupt their mind, making them engage in activities that are not healthy to their wellbeing and to their peers. Indoor games have detrimental effects on their physical and mental health. It would therefore be prudent to conclude that although technology is necessary in this field, measures should be taken to counter its negative effects. References Gura, M., Percy, B. (2005). Recapturing technology for educatio n: Keeping tomorrow in today’s classrooms. Lanham: Scarecrow Education. Innocert, M. (2012). Advanced information technology in education. Berlin: Springer. König, M. E. (2007). Technology in education: An essay about pros, cons and challenges. München: GRIN Verlag GmbH. Lakshmi, N. M. (2007). Information communication technology and education. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House. Lipsitz, L. (2008). Technology and education: Articles from Educational technology magazine. Englewood Cliffs: Educational Technology Publications. Means, B. (2009). Technology and education reform: Studies of education reform. Upland: Diane Pub. Reed, R. H. (2010). The impact of tablet PCs and pen-based technology on education: Going mainstream, 2010. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. Tan, H. (2012). Technology for education and learning. Berlin: Springer. Tettegah, S. (2006). Technology and education: Issues in administration, policy, and applications in K12 schools. Amsterdam: El sevier JAI. Wright, C. (2008). Issues in education and technology: Policy guidelines and strategies. London: Commonwealth Secretariat. 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